reported that anxiety was less prevalent among older than among younger children with ASD. Most studies reported that anxiety in children with ASD increases with age (e.g., ( 9, 12– 14). There are also mixed data regarding the prevalence rates of anxiety in ASD children with different ages. Also, there is evidence that anxiety symptoms are equally prevalent in boys and girls with ASD ( 10– 12). Among the studies investigated the relationship between gender and anxiety in ASD, some studies show that anxiety is more prevalent in girls than boys ( 5, 7, 8) and other studies indicated that boys with ASD have more anxiety symptoms ( 9). Gender is one of the inconsistent but potential risk factors of anxiety in ASD. Several studies identified some potential but inconsistent risk factors for developing anxiety in ASD. Additionally, prevention and treatment programs can also be tailored to at-risk children. In order to prevent further exacerbation of comorbid anxiety in ASD, it is important to identify risk factors that predict the development of anxiety in this group. On the basis of some research, cultural beliefs and values can protect children against or place them at risk for anxiety ( 6) There are some debates that cultural differences of the participants in different studies could be an explanation for the variation in reported prevalence rates of anxiety in children with ASD ( 5). This variation might be due to the differences in sample, methodology, assessment of anxiety, and the operationalization of anxiety across studies ( 4). Anxiety seems to be one of the most common psychological disorders in youth with ASD ( 2), but reported prevalence rates show a wide variation between 11 and 84% ( 3). Recent research indicate that comorbid disorders are common among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ( 1).
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